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You have been appointed to design the landscape works associated with a new hospital in the urban fringe of Newcastle upon Tyne. Your client wants to know whether an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required for the project (including the new building). How would you find out if an EIA is required and what the EIA should cover? An Environmental Impact Assessment is a process ‘by which information about the environmental effects of a project is collected, both by the

Your landscape practice receives a letter of complaint relating to a completed project. The landscape architect that led the project no longer works at your practice. • What processes should your practice have in place to deal with such a complaint? • What processes should your practice have in place to prevent future complaints? “‘Liability’ refers to the obligation to pay damages when things go wrong. There are several types of liability which may concern the landscape arc

A client wants to commission you for a new design project. The project that your client wants to carry out, however, would result in significant detrimental effects to the environment. What do you do? As a landscape architect, I have responsibility to the character and quality of the environment. I am charged by the landscape institute to protect, conserve and enhance the natural and built environment for the benefit of the public (landscape institute, 2021). Therefore, I sho

FROM GREY TO GREEN: MODELLING EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL CITIES THROUGH NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS AND DIGITAL LANDSCAPE INNOVATION Authors: Precious Ovat, Faithman Ovat Keywords: Native Ecosystems, Nature-based solutions, urban landscapes, sustainability, digital, European cities   Abstract Native ecosystems predate human settlements, and native plants have always maintained their existence through interactions with animals and microorganisms. As European industrial cities aim for sustainab